Game Life Cycle

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Game Life Cycle
Elements on this page refer to the file structure, concepts, and API of an Empirica experiment.
Empirica experiments are event driven. The image below summarizes the lifecycle from the beginning of a game through exit steps.
Beginning and intro steps
In the admin panel, you would create a Batch of games for players to join. Players enter the game where they go through a consent form (optional), they provide an identifier (which can be set via URL queries), and they do the intro steps (the instructions and other components you have set in the intro steps. All of these are set by you in the ./client . During these steps, players are asynchronous; namely, they complete these steps at their own pace until they have finished them, independent from the pace of other players.
gameInit
Once players finish the intro steps they are sent to a lobby where they wait until every player has joined. When every player has joined, the Game object is created based on what is set in ./server/main.js in the  Empirica.gameInit() . This is where certain parameters are set, and where the Rounds and their Stages are created.
In the ./server/callbacks.js, Empirica.onGameStart() is also triggered at the same time as Empirica.gameInit(). Any pre-game preparations can be done in either gameInit or onGameStart interchangeably. It might make sense to the Game designer to split the overall mandatory Game configuration (Rounds and Stages) in gameInit, from data initialization (using set on Game, Players, Rounds and Stages objects) in onGameStart, but it is not required.
Rounds and Stages
Then players go through each Stage of each Round. Once a Stage is finished, they move on to the next. If this was the last Stage of a Round, they move on to the next Round. If this was the last Round, they move on to the Exit Steps. 
During these steps, players are synchronous; namely, every player has to finish each stage before they can all move on to the next.
In the ./server/callbacks.js,  a series of callbacks are triggered during this process: 
Before a round starts, onRoundStart is called.
Before a stages starts, onStageStartis called. 
When a Stage ends, onStageEnd is called. 
When a Round ends, onRoundEndis called.
See our guide on customising when player submit a stage:
Customising when players submit stages
Game end and exit steps
Finally, when the last Round ends, after the end of Stage and Round callbacks are triggered, the onGameEnd callback is called in the ./server/callbacks.js.
After which, the players goes through the exit steps. During these steps, players are asynchronous; namely, they complete these steps at their own pace until they have finished them, independent from the pace of other players.
List of callbacks
The list of callbacks goes as follows in order:
gameInit Required
onGameStart
onRoundStart Repeated for each Round
onStageStart Repeated for each Stage
onStageEnd Repeated for each Stage
onRoundEnd Repeated for each Round
onGameEnd
Conceptual Overview - Previous
Structure
Customising when players submit stages
Last modified 3mo ago
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Contents
Beginning and intro steps
gameInit
Rounds and Stages
Game end and exit steps
List of callbacks